Calculating the Probability of a Type II Error - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 890 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Calculating the Probability of a Type II Error To properly interpret the results of a test of hypothesis requires that you be able to judge the pvalue of the test. However, to do so also requires that you have an understanding of the relationship between Type I and Type II errors. Here, we describe how the probability of a Type II error is computed. A Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected. For example, if a rejection region is as follows: xbar 127. 06 or xbar 132. 94 and the null hypothesis is false, then the probability of a Type II error is defined as = P(127. 6 xbar 132. 94 (given that H0 is false) The condition that the null hypothesis is false only tells us that the mean is not equal to 130. If we want to compute , we need to specify a value for . Suppose that we want to determine the probability of making a Type II error when, in actual fact, = 135, 131, 139, and/or any other value. A Windmill Example: The feasibility of constructing a pr ofitable electricityproducing windmill depends on the average velocity of the wind. For a certain type of windmill, the average wind speed would have to exceed 20 mph in order for its construction to be feasible. To test whether or not a particular site is appropriate for this windmill, 50 readings of the wind velocity are taken, and the average is calculated. The test is designed to answer the question, is the site feasible? That is, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the average wind velocity exceeds 20 mph? We want to test the following hypotheses. H0: A 20 HA: A 20 If, when the test is conducted, a Type I error is committed (rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true), we would conclude mistakenly that the average wind velocity exceeds 20 mph. The consequence of this decision is that the windmill would be built on an inappropriate site. Because this error is quite costly, we specify a small value for a, = 0. 01. If a Type II error is committed (not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false), we would conclude mistakenly that the average wind velocity does not exceed 20 mph. As a result, we would not build the windmill on that site, even though the site is a good one. The cost of this error may not be very large, since, if the site under consideration is judged to be inappropriate, the search for a good site would simply continue. But suppose that a site where the wind velocity is greater than or equal to 25 mph is extremely profitable. To judge the effectiveness of this test (to determine if our selection of = 0. 01 and n = 50 is appropriate), we compute the probability of committing this error. Our task is to calculate when = 25. (Assume that we know that ( = 12 mph. ) Our first task is to set up the rejection region in terms of xbar. Rejection region: z z = z0. 01 = 2. 33 (look up 0. 9900 in Table) So we have z = (xbar-) / (/n) = (xbar-20) / (12/50) 2. 33 Rejection region: xbar 23. 95 Region where H0 is not rejected: xbar 23. 5 Thus: = P(xbar 23. 95 (given that = 25) = P{[(xbar-) / (/n)] [(23. 95-25) / (12/50)] = P(z -0. 62) = 0. 5 – 0. 2324 = 0. 2672 23. 95| 22| 1. 95| 1. 697| 1. 15| 0. 3749| 0. 8749| 23. 95| 22. 5| 1. 45| 1. 697| 0. 85| 0. 3023| 0. 8023| 23. 95| 23| 0. 95| 1. 697| 0. 56| 0. 2123| 0. 7123| 23. 95| 23. 5| 0. 45| 1. 697| 0. 27| 0. 1064| 0. 6064| 23. 95| 24| -0. 05| 1. 697| -0. 03| 0. 0120| 0. 4880| 23. 95| 24. 5| -0. 55| 1. 697| -0. 32| 0. 1255| 0. 3745| 23. 95| 25| -1. 05| 1. 697| -0. 62| 0. 2324| 0. 2676| 23. 95| 25. 5| -1. 55| 1. 697| -0. 91| 0. 3186| 0. 1814| 23. 95| 26| -2. 05| 1. 697| -1. 21| 0. 3869| 0. 1131| 3. 95| 26. 5| -2. 55| 1. 697| -1. 50| 0. 4332| 0. 0668| 23. 95| 27| -3. 05| 1. 697| -1. 80| 0. 4641| 0. 0359| This is the graph for associated with numbers from 18 to 32. 5: The probability of not rejecting the null hypothesis when = 25 is 0. 2676 (see above Figure). This means that, when the mean wind velocity is 25 mph, there is a 26. 76% probability of errone ously concluding that the site is not profitable. If this probability is considered too large, we can reduce it by either increasing or increasing n. For example, if we increase a to 0. 10 and leave n = 50, then = 0. 0475. Rejection region: (xbar-20) / (12/50) 1. 8 xbar 22. 17 22. 17| 24. 5| -2. 33| 1. 697| -1. 37| 0. 4147| 0. 0853| 22. 17| 25| -2. 83| 1. 697| -1. 67| 0. 4525| 0. 0475| 22. 17| 25. 5| -3. 33| 1. 697| -1. 96| 0. 4750| 0. 0250| 25 With = 0. 10, however, the probability of building on a site that is not profitable is too large. If we let = 0. 01 but increase n to 100, then = 0. 0329. 22. 796| 23| -0. 204| 1. 20| -0. 17| 0. 0675| 0. 4325| 22. 796| 23. 5| -0. 704| 1. 20| -0. 59| 0. 2224| 0. 2776| 22. 796| 24| -1. 204| 1. 20| -1. 00| 0. 3413| 0. 1587| 22. 796| 24. 5| -1. 704| 1. 20| -1. 42| 0. 4222| 0. 0778| 22. 796| 25| -2. 204| 1. 20| -1. 84| 0. 4671| 0. 329| 22. 796| 25. 5| -2. 704| 1. 20| -2. 25| 0. 4878| 0. 0122| 22. 796| 26| -3. 204| 1. 20| -2. 67| 0. 4962| 0. 0038 | 22. 796| 26. 5| -3. 704| 1. 20| -3. 09| 0. 4990| 0. 0010| 22. 796| 27| -4. 204| 1. 20| -3. 50| 0. 5000| 0. 0000| Now both and are quite small, but the cost of sampling has increased. Nonetheless, the cost of sampling is small in comparison to the costs of making Type I and Type II errors in this situation. Another way of judging a test is to measure its power -the probability of its leading us to reject the null hypothesis when it is falserather than measuring the probability of a Type II error. Thus, the power of the test is equal to 1 . In the present example, the power of the test with n = 50 and = . 01 is 1 0. 2676 = 0. 7324. When more than one test can be performed in a given situation, we would naturally prefer to use the test that is correct more frequently. If (given the same alternative hypothesis, sample size, and significance level) one test has a higher power than a second test, the first test is said to be more powerful. To determine the appropriate sample size for specified levels of the Type I and Type II Errors, consult the Text. - ASSIGNMENT: - - In the windmill example presented in class, the Beta and Power functions are computed for n = 50. Compute and display the Beta and Power functions for n = 25, n = 75, and n = 125. Display your results in no more than two graphs. - - Briefly discuss your results. - Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Calculating the Probability of a Type II Error" essay for you Create order

The Final Step In Stopping Isis In The Middle East Is To

The final step in stopping ISIS in the Middle East is to stabilize the countries in which they gained their power, Iraq and Syria. By looking at what caused the destabilization in the first place will allow for a better understanding of the policies and actions that need to be put in place in order to move the conflict toward de-escalation. Transparency International explains, â€Å"when disenfranchised populations see [†¦] their governments fail to deliver services, people get angry [†¦and] turn to other bodies for protection, swelling the ranks of insurgent or organised crime groups. Corruption breeds inequality, which has been shown to increase violence† (Transparency International 2015). In Iraq, as previously discussed, ISIS was able to take†¦show more content†¦In reality, the only way to stop ISIS in Syria is to stop the Syrian civil war, and the best possible solution would be to remove President Assad from power. Although there would be backlash fro m Iran and Russia, this could be done simply by charging Assad, and his key supporters in government, with violations in Human Rights in the International Criminal Court, or the International Court of Justice. After he is taken out of power, negotiations can take place to determine the new government in Syria. When the US replaced the Hussein regime with a fully Shi’ite regime, they neglected to include any members from the previous regime, or any members from the Kurdish and Sunni populations. It is because of this why ISIS was able to flourish in Iraq; and the best way to undo this decision, is to also engage in negotiations. In both cases, negotiations would not take place between the Iraqi or Syrian government and ISIS; rather, they would take place between the governments and the chosen leaders of the oppressed groups (Sunni, Shi’ite, and Kurdish), in a neutral, private environment, such as the UN. The reason why ISIS will not be involved in negotiations is because they are escalating, radical terrorists who think that everything that the West, including what any of their adversaries, represents should be eliminated. ISIS will never be ripe for negotiation because â€Å"negotiation is appropriate when the parties see that a problem can onlyShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesreplaced. It was originally prepared in Ibadan and some of the examples reflect this. Cultural and monetary references may well induce nostalgia in those familiar with the more recent history of Nigeria1. Web publication is therefore an intermediate step, while efforts are underway to produce an ac ceptable version for a press. Roger Blench Cambridge November 2006. 1 e.g. the example ‘The members of staff of the Kingsway stores enjoy life’ [!] i Igbo Dictionary: KayWilliamson. Draft of EditionRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesMidsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data Governance at InsuraCorp CASE STUDY I-6

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Psychology) Free Essays

In Germany, psychiatrists regarded OCD as a disorder of intellect. The German word for â€Å"obsession† is Zwangsvorstellung and was translated as â€Å"obsession† in Great Britain and â€Å"compulsion† in the United States. The term â€Å"obsessive-compulsive disorder† became the compromise term. We will write a custom essay sample on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Psychology) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over time, the way people view O. C. D. has changed. For example, in the seventeenth century people who suffer from obsessions and compulsions were thought to be religious fanatics or melancholic (Frankel, 2011). It wasn’t until the European Renaissance that people first began relinquishing the belief that mental illnesses like OCD were caused by devil or other supernatural forces. Based on this reasoning, treatment involved banishing the â€Å"evil† from the â€Å"possessed† person through exorcism (steward, 2009). OCD can happen to anyone. You could be rich or poor/ black or white. It has happened to people such as Martin Luther (1483-1546) the most important leader of the protestant of reformation in Europe. John Bunyan (1628-1688) the writer and preacher that is famous for his writing Pilgrim’s Progress. Dr. Samual Johnson (1709-1784) wrote the first dictionary in the English language. Many people often wonder what causes OCD. Experts don’t know what exactly caused OCD, but they suggest that it may be a problem in the way one part of the brain sends information to another. (Peterson, 2001). When your brain doesn’t have enough of serotonin (a brain chemical) it causes problems. Experts also believe that problem related to infections, such as: strip throat or scarlet fever can cause or make the disorder worse. Brain scans of people with OCD have shown that they have different patterns of brain activity (Price, 2007). Some cases may even be genetic. OCD isn’t caused by family problems or attitudes, but genetics, or stressful events may trigger an episode of the disorder. The symptoms of OCD vary it can be mild to severe and even come and go. The most common symptom of OCD is Anxiety. For example, you feel a sense that something bad is going to happen if a task is left undone, such as check again and again to see whether the flat iron is on. If you fail to check you feel tense or anxious. Obsession symptoms are unwanted thoughts, ideas, and impulses that you have again and again. For example, a fear to hurt yourself or a love one, need to do something perfectly or correctly and a fear of getting dirty or infected (Malik, 2008). Compulsion symptoms are behaviors that you repeat to try to control the obsession. For example: washing, checking, counting, repeating, hoarding and praying. The most common compulsion is washing and checking. Doctors check for OCD by asking about your symptoms and your health past. A physical exam is given to the patient. Mental health assessments are given as well, it is an evaluation of your emotional functioning and your ability to think, reason, and remember. People with OCD live with the condition for years before being diagnosed (Wilkins, 2000). Some people go without treatment because they are embarrassed to talk about their symptoms (Ego). Conditions that co- exist with OCD is Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders (Depression and Bipolar Disorder), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Eating Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders. There are three main questions that a doctor will ask to decide rather you have OCD or not â€Å"Do you have repeated thoughts that cause anxiety and that you cannot get rid of no matter how hard you try? , Do you wash your hands frequently or keep things extremely clean and neat? Do you excessively check things? (Weinstock, 2010). † Also to be diagnosed, the obsessions or compulsions must be time-consuming to the point where it interferes with your daily life. The earlier it is detected the better because there are proper treatments that can improve OCD (Romito, 2007). Treatment for OCD is good, about 50% of patients improve and about 10% recover completely (Abramowitz, 2009). Only 10% get worse in spite of therapy (Abramowitz, 2009). The four R’s you should keep in mind when trying to overcome OCD relabel, reattribute, refocus, and revalue (Segal, 2012). Relabel is Recognize that the intrusive obsessive thoughts and urges are the result of OCD. Reattribute is to Realize that the intensity and intrusiveness of the thought or urge is caused by OCD; remind you that OCD thoughts and urges are not meaningful, but are false messages from the brain. Refocus is when you find ways to work around the OCD thoughts by focusing your attention on something else, at least for a few minutes. Revalue is the key to not take the OCD thought at face value. It is not significant in itself. There are Medication that a doctor can prescribe to you depending on the severity of your symptoms they are known as Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) â€Å"antidepressants† they include Prozac, Luvox Zoloft (Sadock, 2007). It can take up to twelve weeks before the medicine to take effect after prescribed. Consistency is important for both counseling and medicines. People who don’t take their medicines regularly or stop often have their symptoms return (relapse). With therapy, it is important to work with your doctor to find out when, or if, you should stop. Counseling is available as well; cognitive-behavioral therapy called exposure and response prevention is considered the most effective type of counseling for OCD. Your relationship with your therapist is very important. Finding someone who is right for you is critical to your success in overcoming OCD. The therapist for exposure and response prevention counseling would require you to write down all of your obsessions, compulsions, and things you avoid. Doing this you will then rank each of them from highest to lowest. Throughout the sessions you will be exposed to your obsessions, compulsions, and things you avoid in order to help overcome the faulty beliefs (Lewin, 2011). There are home treatments that you can use to reduce overall stress. For example, taking deep breathes, soaking in a warm bath, listening to smooth music, exercise, yoga, etc. In rare cases surgery can be done. Which uses surgically implanted electrodes in the brain, and magnetic stimulation of parts of the brain are done for severe OCD. Deep brain- stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation are possible surgical options that do not require destruction of brain tissue. In one study, 30% of participants benefited significantly from this procedure (Roth, 2010). The procedure only can be performed in a hospital with specialist qualifications. This is done only when you aren’t responding to any other treatment or procedure (Williams, 2010). OCD is usually confused with two things Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and an addiction. OCD is ego dystonic, meaning that the disorder is incompatible with the sufferer’s self- concept. While OCPD is ego syntonic, it is the behaviors, values, feelings, which are in harmony with or acceptable to the needs and goals of the ego, or consistent with one’s ideal self-image (Morse, 1998). Addiction can be explained as the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity. OCD is different from behaviors such gambling and overeating ddiction. People with these disorders typically experience at least some pleasure from their activity. OCD sufferers do not actively want to perform their compulsive tasks and experience no pleasure from doing so (Marlatt, 2008). Therefore, OCD is a long- term condition that can be improved over years of medication and/or therapy. In the United States, about 1 in 40 adults and 1 in 100 childr en have OCD. According to the World Health Organization, OCD is one of the top 20 causes of illness-related disability, worldwide, for individuals between 15 and 44 years of age (Smith, 2012). How to cite Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Psychology), Papers

Rice (1283 words) Essay Example For Students

Rice (1283 words) Essay Riceâ€Å"†¦Finally, because South Carolina, from her climate, situation, and peculiar institutions, is, and must ever continue to be, wholly dependent on agriculture and commerce, not only for prosperity , but for her existence as a state†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boller, pg.110)-John C Calhoun: South Carolina explosion and Protest (1828)While the north was undergoing an â€Å"industrial revolution,† the south remained agriculturally based. Rice, which was the first grown in South Carolina in the early 1960’s, was a very promising harvest. Between 1820and 1850, the production of rice nearly tripled, making it a leading colonial crop along the seacoast of South Carolina and Georgia. Rice had definitely proved to be a â€Å"magic crop† of the South. (Boyer, pg.96)The Carolinas was originally granted in the 1663 by King Charles II of England to a few of his British supporters. The proprietors named the land Carolina in the honor of King Charles. Charles in Latin is Caro lus. (Olmsted, pg.312) The colony grow hastily at first. In 1669, however, Anthony Ashley Cooper, one of the proprietors, speeded up settlements by offering immigration land grants. For each new family member, indentured servant, or slave brought in, fifty acres of land were given to the family head. The wealth immigrants, or those with large families, received a large piece of land, which were used as plantations. The Carolinas was shaped to be agrarian-based bound. (Faulkner, pg. 217)Until the 1680’s, most of the settlers in the Carolinas were farmers. It soon became obvious that Carolina was not created â€Å"so that he settlers could eke out a marginal existence.† Like the Virginians before them, the Carolinas sought their own staple crop that can make them rich, rice. The plantation owners of North Carolina, like those of Virginia, raised chiefly tobacco and corn on small farms. Those in South Carolina planted rice and indigo on a large scale. Rice was probably br ought from West Africa. Because the grain made a few men rich with capitol to invest in costly dams, dikes, and slaves, the Carolinians began to resemble that of the West Indies. Rice planters earned annual profits of 25%, causing them, within a generation, to become the only Colonial elite whose wealth revealed that of the Caribbean sugar planters. (Fite, pg.78)As early as the early 1700’s rice proved to be an extremely profitable harvest. By the time of the revolution Charleston was exporting annually about 125,000 barrels. Although the profits of rice tripled between 1820 and 1850, there were also many costs in rice production. The work of leveling land and building levees and ditches for irrigation was costly. A rice planter in the 1830’s and 1840’s needed between $50,000and $100,000 to get into large-scale production of rice. (Faulkner, pg189)Rice plantations were exceedingly large enterprises. One plantation owner, Governor William Aiken of South Carolina, had an estate that contained 1500 acres of rice land, 500 acres of upland, 700 slaves, and livestock and equipment worth $380,000, which was considered a typical rice plantation. Among the huge plantations were small shops of cheap clothing and trinket stores such as those of Jews that settled in the Southern cities. (Boyer, 92)Rice thriving only within a 40-mile-wide coastal strip extending from Cape Fear, which is now known as North Carolina, to present day Georgia. The marshy and hot lowlands quickly became infested with malaria. Carolina grimily joked that â€Å" the rice belt was a paradise in spring, an inferno in the summer, and a hospital in the wet, chilly fall.† Planters’ families usually escaped, in the worst of months, to the more healthier and cooler climate of Charleston, while the overseer supervised the harvest. (Olmsted, pg.315) The Carolina rice profits had come to someone else’s expense. English undeterred servants could not survive the humid rice paddies swarming with malaria-bearing mosquitoes. The planter’s solution was to import African slaves. There were two advantages in importing slaves. Th first, approximately 15% of the imported slaves cultivated rice in their homeland, and their enterprise was vital in teaching whites how to raise the unfamiliar crop. Second, most Africans had partial immunity to the malaria that killed many in the region. A tremendous demand for slaves therefore developed. For a typical rice planter, farming 130 acres of land required 65 slaves. (Boyer, pg. 94) Malaria on plantations caused the number of indentured servants to decrease. Plantation owners had tom settle for slaves; Negroes, who, although expensive to purchase, worked for their masters for life. Furthermore, the offspring of the slave would be in servitude of the master as well. The proportions of slaves in southern Carolina’s population spurted from17% in 1620 to 67% as nearly as 1720. The slave population outnum bered that of the white farmers, plantation owners, and their families. Life for a slave on a rice plantation was probably worse than any other. The swampy land made all slaves susceptible to malaria and other diseases; as Fredric lmsted described in The Cotton Kingdom:â€Å"†¦in the upper part of this pine land is a house, occupied by his overseer during the malaria season, when it is dangerous for any but Negroes to remain during the night in the vicinity of the swamps and the rice fields. Even those who have been born in the region, and have grown up subject to malaria, are said to be generally weak and short-lived.† (Olmsted, pg.182-3)The slave issue turned out to be an extremely important one in the shaping of the ante-bellum South. While the North was fighting slavery, the South was advocating it. Under President Jackson, the North and West aligned to tax the South by forming the tariff of Abomination. In December of 1838, the South Carolina legislature called the new tariff unconstitutional. At first, the south tried to align with the wet. When their plan failed, South Carolina, led by Vice President John C. Calhoun, threatened to nullify laws and tariffs which were unfavorable to them. The new tariff, Calhoun believed, would impoverish the south. After warning Jackson the relief should be provided or the union †would be shaken to its foundation,† Calhoun returned to his South Carolina plantation where he wrote his essay †South Carolina Exposition and Protest.† After several threats were made by Jackson, including one in which he threatened to hang all the nullifiers, the issue was quelled, but the Southerners carried a hatred which would eventually bring about the civil war. (Faulkner, pg.205) Economically, the â€Å"golden period† in rice production in the South was between 1820 and 1850. In 1839, over eighteen million pounds of rice, most of which was sold in Europe, the West Indies, the North were produced in South Carolina and Georgia. A decade later the production of rice increased to 215,313,497 pounds produced. A decline in rice production occurred in 1850. The decline was most probably caused by the rise of cotton prices that drew labor or capital out of rice production, or possibly planters hesitated to risk the lives of expensive slaves in the unhealthy rice swamps. But, whatever the reason rice growers never occurred in the Southeast and after the Civil war it moved Westward into Louisiana Arkansas, and Texas. States from 1690, and the production of rice, as well of the American nation. The South was a threat to the Union. The incompatibility of the North and South caused the two to completely separate; whether issues concerning industrialization, slavery, or just the Unity of the nation. .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 , .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 .postImageUrl , .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 , .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56:hover , .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56:visited , .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56:active { border:0!important; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56:active , .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56 .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7baf3c60cd55a007befd1f1c0eedae56:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Socioreligious Significance of Rice A comparis Essay History